Acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias related to chemotherapy for lung cancer: nationwide surveillance in Japan.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced acute exacerbation (AEx) of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) seriously compromises the success of treatment of Japanese lung cancer patients. Here, we conducted a nationwide surveillance to clarify the risk of AEx and compare it with the survival benefit of chemotherapy for this population. Methods: Advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with IIPs were retrospectively analysed. For the surveillance of first-line chemotherapy in 2009, we gathered clinical data from 396 patients who received chemotherapy at 19 institutions between January 1990 and July 2009. In a consecutive retrospective study in 2012, we analysed data from 278 patients from 17 institutions who received second-line chemotherapy between April 2002 and March 2012. Results: Of the 396 patients analysed, 13.1% developed chemotherapy-related AEx. Combination chemotherapies of carboplatin plus paclitaxel (CP) or carboplatin plus etoposide (CE) were frequently used as first-line treatments. The lowest incidence of AEx was 3.7% in CE, followed by 8.6% in CP. In the retrospective study, 16.2% of the 278 patients developed a second-line chemotherapy-related AEx. The overall response rate by second-line chemotherapy was 7.4% in NSCLC and 25.7% in SCLC. The median overall survival from second-line and first-line chemotherapy was 8.0 and 14.3 months in NSCLC, and 8.7 and 16.0 months in SCLC, respectively. Conclusion: Combination chemotherapies consisting of CP or CE are candidates for standard first-line treatments for patients with advanced lung cancer accompanied by IIP. Second-line chemotherapy should be considered for patients remaining fit enough to receive it.