Investigation into multi-centre diagnosis and treatment strategies of biliary atresia in mainland China

Background Biliary atresia (BA) is an obstructive hepatobiliary disease which manifests during infancy. Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) is the preferred operation for BA, supplemented with glucocorticoids, antibiotics, and choleretic agents. A great deal of research has been carried out regarding diagnosis, operation, and adjuvant therapies of BA, but no consensus had been reached. To understand the variation in diagnosis and treatment strategies of BA across mainland China and to help achieve a unified treatment strategy in the future, this investigation was carried out. Methods This investigation was conducted via electronic questionnaire. The centres were divided into three groups based on their annual caseload: low (0–20)-, mid (21–40)-, and high (≥ 41)-volume group. Differences in the clinical practice among three groups were analyzed by Chi-square test and considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. Results 41 Centres from 26 different administrative regions were involved. The average age at KPE was mainly 51–60 days (39%, 16/41) and 61–70 days (32%, 13/41). The annual caseload was 0–20 patients in 17 centres, 21–40 patients in 11 centres, and > 40 patients in 13 centres. Preoperative ultrasound and intraoperative cholangiography were performed in all centres. Low-volume centres had a high proportion of MRI ( P = 0.005), while the high-volume group had a high proportion of LSM ( P = 0.015). Open KPE without liver mobilisation is the most common surgical procedure (71%, 29/41). Open KPE without liver mobilisation was more commonly used in low-volume group ( P = 0.044), and laparoscopic KPE was mainly used in high-volume group ( P = 0.011). The spur anti-reflux intestinal valve was performed in more than half of the centres (51%, 21/41). The length of the Roux-en-Y loop was ≥ 30 cm in the majority of centres (78%, 32/41). Glucocorticoids and antibiotics were used in most centres (90%, 37/41; 100%, 41/41) with marked variations in type, administration, dose, and duration. Oral ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was used in 38 centres, in varying doses of 10–20 mg/kg/day. The duration of oral UDCA was over a year in 19 centres. Conclusion Mainland China has a large number of patients with biliary atresia. Diagnostic and surgical methods vary from centre to centre and are related to its caseload. In most centres, KPE is supplemented with glucocorticoids, antibiotics, and choleretic agents without a standard regimen.