Besifovir Dipivoxil Maleate 144-Week Treatment Of Chronic Hepatitis B: An Open-Label Extensional Study Of A Phase 3 Trial

INTRODUCTION: Chronic hepatitisB(CHB) remains a major worldwide public health concern. Besifovir dipivoxil maleate (BSV) is a new promising treatment for CHB. However, long-term efficacy and safety have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the goal of the study is to determine the antiviral efficacy and safety of BSV treatment over a 144-week duration (BSV-BSV) in comparison with those of a sequential treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) followed by a 96-week duration BSV administration (TDF-BSV).METHODS: After 48 weeks of a double-blind comparison between BSV and TDF treatments, patients continued the open-label BSV study. Weevaluated antiviral efficacy and drug safety up to 144 weeks for BSV-BSV and TDF-BSV groups. The primary endpoint was a virological response (hepatitis B virus DNA < 69 IU/mL).RESULTS: Among the 197 patients enrolled, 170 and 158 patients entered the second-year and third- year openlabel phase extensional study, respectively, whereas 153 patients completed the 144-week follow-up. The virological response rate over the 144-week period was 87.7% and 92.1% in BSV-BSV and TDFBSV groups, respectively (P 5 0.36). The rates of ALT normalization and HBeAg seroconversion were similar between the groups. No drug-resistant mutations to BSV were noted. Bone mineral density and renal function were well preserved in the BSV-BSV group and were significantly improved after switching therapy in TDF-BSV patients.DISCUSSION: This extensional study of a phase 3 trial (NCT01937806) suggests that BSV treatment is efficacious and safe for long-term use in treatment-naive and TDF-experienced patients with CHB.