Localization Of Mobile Submerged Sensors Using Lambert-W Function And Cayley-Menger Determinant

This paper demonstrates a new mechanism to localize mobile submerged sensors using only a single beacon node. In range-based localization, fast and accurate distance measurement is vital in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN). The knowledge of exact coordinates of the sensors is as important as the actuated data in underwater wireless sensor networks. Mostly bouncing technique is used to determine the distance between the beacon and the sensors. Moreover, to determine the coordinates, trilateration and multilateration technique is used; where using multiple beacons (usually three or more) is the most common approach. Nevertheless, because of many factors, this method gives less accurate results in distance measurements, which finally leads to determine erroneous coordinates. As TDOA is very ponderous to achieve in underwater environment because of time synchronization; again, using AOA is extremely difficult and challenging; TOA is the most common approach and is widely employed. However, it still needs precise synchronization. So, to determine the distances between beacon and sensor nodes, we have used a method based on Lambert-W function in this study, which is an approach based on RSS, and it avoids any synchronization. Besides, coordinates of the mobile sensors are calculated using Cayley-Menger determinant. In this paper, the method is derived and the accuracy is verified by simulation results.