The Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Chronic Renal Diseases

Purpose of Review The relationship between microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract and the renal function of the host is reciprocal. The objective of the current review is therefore twofold. First, we aim to demonstrate the emerging role of gastrointestinal microbiome dysbiosis in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease. Second, we highlight specific mechanisms as to how microbiome dysbiosis is provoked in chronic kidney disease. Recent Findings Current work has shown that microbiome dysbiosis can directly and indirectly influence renal physiology and contribute to the onset and development of chronic kidney disease, such as by stimulating hypertension. It is also becoming evident that the composition and function of both the intestinal and oral microbiomes are adversely impacted by chronic kidney disease, which can further exacerbate dysbiosis. Summary This review discusses the current knowledge on the associations between the gastrointestinal microbiome and renal health, to which Dr. Robert Genco has contributed substantially. As we mourn his loss, we celebrate his lifelong dedication to the advancement of research at the University at Buffalo and the microbiome research community worldwide.