Exploring Medicines Burden Among Adults in New Zealand: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Using medicines regularly can be a burden for some people and can contribute to reduced adherence. In New Zealand, relatively few studies have examined people's medicine-taking experiences and most involved older people, although medicine burden is also an issue for younger people. The UK-developed "Living with Medicines Questionnaire" (LMQ-3) is an instrument designed to quantify medicine burden. Objective: The objective was to quantify medicines burden among New Zealand adults, using the LMQ-3, to identify any sub-populations with high medicine burden and to identify specific issues that may need to be addressed. Setting: The study was set in New Zealand and included seven national patient support group websites, and five community pharmacies in Dunedin. Methods: The survey was distributed to adults >= 18 years using >= one medicine for >= 3 months. LMQ-3 scores and domain scores were compared by patient characteristics using descriptive statistics and statistical tests. Results: In total, 472 responses were analysed: 327/417 (78.4%) from patient support group websites and 145/360 (40.3%) from community pharmacies. Most commonly participants were female (295, 62.5%), >= 65 years (236, 50.0%), European (422, 89.4%), retired (232, 49.2%), university educated (203, 43.0%), used medicines independently (449, 95.1%), and paid for prescriptions (429, 90.9%). Most used <10 medicines (415, 87.9%) and three times daily (356, 75.4%). From LMQ scores, 30.5% had a high burden (>= 111). Regression analysis indicated that higher LMQ-3 scores were associated with those who were unemployed, aged 18-29 years, using >= 5 medicines, or using medicines <3 times a day (p<0.01). Burden was mainly driven by a perceived lack of autonomy over medicine regimens, or concerns about medicines and side effects. Conclusion: Three quarters of New Zealand participants experienced moderate or high medicine burden. Being unemployed, aged 18-29 years, or using more (or more frequent) medicines, were associated with higher burden. These groups should become the target for interventions seeking to reduce medicine burden.