Experimental evaluation of interfacial adhesion strength of cold sprayed Ti-6Al-4V thick coatings using an adhesive-free test method

Cold spray (CS) is a rapidly growing solid-state additive material deposition technique often used for repair of high-value metallic components. This study aims at evaluating the interfacial adhesion strength of cold sprayed Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) coatings deposited onto Ti-64 substrates for repair applications. An adhesive-free test method, referred as modified Collar-Pin Pull-off Test was developed based on Sharivker's (1967) original design, in order to overcome the limitations of existing test approaches (both adhesive-based and adhesive-free). This method was designed to allow measurement of adhesion strength of high strength coatings such as CS Ti-64, where adhesion strength is higher than 70–90 MPa. A parametric study was performed to assess the effect of coating thickness, scanning speed, track spacing, toolpath pattern, and substrate surface preparation on the coating adhesion strength. A finite element model was also used to evaluate the stress distribution during the pull-off test, and to check the validity of the proposed test method. The proposed adhesive-free test method was found to be capable of measuring coatings with adhesion strengths beyond the upper limit of conventional adhesive-based methods such as ASTM C633. Among the investigated cases, the highest value of coating adhesion strength was measured around 122 MPa, in the case of CS Ti-64 deposited on ground Ti-64 substrates.