Automated wind velocity profiling from adaptive optics telemetry

Ground-based adaptive optics (AO) systems can use temporal control techniques to greatly improve image resolution. A measure of wind velocity as a function of altitude is needed to minimize the temporal errors associated with these systems. Spatio-temporal analysis of AO telemetry can express the wind velocity profile using the slope detection and ranging (SLODAR) technique. However, the limited altitude-resolution of current AO systems makes it difficult to disentangle the movement of independent layers. It is therefore a challenge to create an algorithm that can recover the wind velocity profile through SLODAR data analysis. In this study, we introduce a novel technique for automated wind velocity profiling from AO telemetry. Simulated and on-sky centroid data from CANARY-an AO testbed on the 4.2m William Herschel telescope, La Palma-is used to demonstrate the proficiency of the technique. Wind velocity profiles measured on-sky are compared to contemporaneous measurements from Stereo-SCIDAR, a dedicated high-resolution atmospheric profiler. They are also compared to European centre for medium-range weather forecasts. The software package that we developed to complete this study is open source.