MoM-GEC Modeling of Gap Discontinuity for The Optimization of PIN Diode Dimension Used in Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna

Technology is advancing daily and it has impacted almost every aspect of our life today. We show that growth in the number of miniaturized communications systems that are covering different wireless services capable of achieving a wide frequency range. These systems require reconfigurable antenna systems to meet their performance needs. A single reconfigurable antenna makes it possible to reach all the desired frequencies so there is no need for complicated wideband and multiband antenna solutions. In this context, the present work aims to propose a detailed study of a reconfigurable antenna commanded by a PIN diode as a switching component. Our study is essentially composed of two parts; the first one is a study of gap discontinuity in the antenna aiming to propose a good approximation of PIN diodes dimensions ensuring the switch operation and the second part is the analysis of a frequency reconfigurable antenna controlled by the PIN diode of appropriate dimensions. The proposed structures are modeled by a new rigorous formulation combining the moment method and generalized equivalent circuit's methods (MoM-GEC). The input impedance, the reflection parameter ( S ₁₁ ) and the current distribution density obtained with this method are presented and discussed.