Non-Newtonian fluid flow in porous media

Single fluid porous medium systems are typically modeled at an averaged length scale termed the macroscale using Darcy's law. Standard approaches for modeling macroscale single fluid phase flow of non-Newtonian fluids extend Darcy's law, using an effective viscosity and assuming that the permeability is invariant. This approach results in a need to determine the effective viscosity for every fluid and flow rate. We use the thermodynamically constrained averaging theory (TCAT) to examine the formulation and closure of a macroscale model for non-Newtonian flow that is consistent with microscale conservation principles and the second law of thermodynamics. A connection between microscale and macroscale quantities is used to calculate interphase momentum transfer for non-Newtonian flow in porous medium systems. Darcy's law is shown to approximate momentum transfer from the fluid phase to the solid phase. This momentum transfer is found to depend on the viscosity at the solid surface. As a consequence of the derived equation for momentum transfer, the commonly called intrinsic permeability is not invariant for non-Newtonian flow, which is an assumption that underlies standard effective viscosity approaches. TCAT is used to derive a macroscale equation relating the flow rate and the pressure gradient dependent upon fluid properties and medium characterization, breaking the need to investigate all flow and composition conditions currently required. This new approach is validated for model systems and used to interpret results from the literature, including an evaluation of conditions under which a transition occurs away from the strictly laminar flow conditions. The results from this work form a basis for more rigorous and realistic modeling of non-Newtonian flow in porous medium systems.