Impact of Preoperative Cholangitis on Short-term Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Liver Resection

Background The impact of preoperative cholangitis (PC) on perioperative outcomes among patients undergoing liver resection remains poorly defined. We sought to characterize the prevalence of PC among patients undergoing hepatectomy and define the impact of PC on postoperative outcomes. Methods Patients who underwent liver resection between 2013 and 2015 were identified using the Center for Medicare Services (CMS) 100% Limited Data Set (LDS) Standard Analytic Files (SAFs). Short-term outcomes after liver resection, stratified by the presence of PC, were examined. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between the timing of liver resection relative to PC. Results Among 7392 patients undergoing liver resection, 251 patients (3.4%) experienced PC. Patients with PC were more likely to be male (59.0% vs. 50.6%) and to have a benign diagnosis (34.3% vs. 19.8%) compared with patients without PC (both p<0.05). On multivariable analysis, PC was associated with increased odds of experiencing a complication (OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.17–2.03), extended LOS (OR 2.60, 95%CI 1.99–3.39), 90-day mortality (OR 2.31, 95%CI 1.64–3.26), and higher Medicare expenditures (OR 3.32, 95%CI 2.55–4.32). Among patients with PC, requirement of both endoscopic and percutaneous biliary drainage (OR 5.16, 95%CI 1.36–9.61), as well as liver resection < 2 weeks after PC (OR 2.92, 95%CI 1.13–7.57) were associated with higher odds of 90-day mortality. Conclusion Approximately 1 in 30 Medicare beneficiaries undergoing liver resection had a history of PC. PC was associated with an increased risk of adverse short-term outcomes and higher healthcare expenditures among patients undergoing hepatectomy.