Canonical polyadic decomposition of third-order tensors: Relaxed uniqueness conditions and algebraic algorithm

Canonical Polyadic Decomposition (CPD) of a third-order tensor is a minimal decomposition into a sum of rank-1 tensors. We find new mild deterministic conditions for the uniqueness of individual rank-1 tensors in CPD and present an algorithm to recover them. We call the algorithm “algebraic” because it relies only on standard linear algebra. It does not involve more advanced procedures than the computation of the null space of a matrix and eigen/singular value decomposition. Simulations indicate that the new conditions for uniqueness and the working assumptions for the algorithm hold for a randomly generated I×J×K tensor of rank R≥K≥J≥I≥2 if R is bounded as R≤(I+J+K−2)/2+(K−(I−J)2+4K)/2 at least for the dimensions that we have tested. This improves upon the famous Kruskal bound for uniqueness R≤(I+J+K−2)/2 as soon as I≥3.