A homogeneous assay for rapid detection of cyanobacterial peptide hepatotoxins: Microcystins and nodularins

The toxicity of phenol is such that even in its low concentration in industrial wastewater, it should be removed. Photocatalytic treatment is an appropriate method for treating toxic and difficult to biodegrade organic materials. However, most phenol containing wastewaters such as petrochemical wastewater, contain turbidity that limits photocatalytic treatment usage. To remove phenol from petrochemical wastewater, a novel cascade photocatalytic backlight reactor is developed. In the developed reactor, the effect of four factors including initial phenol concentration, TiO2 concentration, turbidity, and pH on phenol removal efficiency is investigated using full factorial design. The best removal efficiency was 88% obtained after three hours when pH is 9, initial phenol concentration equals 50 mg/L, and TiO2 concentration equals 80 g/m2. The relationship of these parameters on phenol removal efficiency is statistically evaluated using analysis of variance. The significance of reaction parameters is shown as follows: time > initial phenol concentration > TiO2 concentration > pH. The ANOVA analysis also reveals that turbidity has no effect on phenol removal efficiency.