Sonographic evaluation of yolk sac size and its outcome in firsttrimester pregnancy

Aims: Present study is aimed to see whether yolk sac diameter above or below the normal range is associated with an adverse outcome of pregnancy. Material and Methods: 200 viable singleton pregnancies between 6-11weeks were evaluated retrospectively for the yolk sac diameter on ultrasound with pregnancy outcome. Results: Miscarriage was seen in 27(17.31%) of patients with YSD less than 3mm, 2(5.0%) with yolk sac diameter between 3-5.6mm and 3(75%) of patients with yolk sac diameter above 5.6mm. Amongst patients presenting with bleeding, miscarriage rate was highest with YSD more than 5.6mm (100%) and least with YSD between 3 to 5.6mm (50%).Amongst patients with bleeding, continuation to normal pregnancy was highest with YSD between 3 to 5.6mm (50%) and least in patients with YSD more than 5.6mm (00%).Conclusion: Cases with yolk sac diameter less than 2mm or more than 6mm are at increased risk for miscarriage.