Investigation of Metabolic and Circulatory Parameters That Predict Effects of Dapagliflozin, a Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, on Blood Glucose and Body Weight in a Retrospective, Multicenter Study

Objective: We aimed to investigate the changes in blood glucose levels, body weight, and metabolic and circulatory parameters during daily administration of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, as well as to examine its safety and the factors that predict its effects on blood glucose and body weight in a retrospective, multicenter study conducted at 6 medical institutions in the Chikushi region of Kyushu, Japan. Methods: A total of 112 people with type 2 diabetes treated with dapagliflozin participated in the study. Data from blood tests, physical measurements, and other parameters obtained during outpatient visits at the start and after 12 months were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the efficacy and safety. Results: The mean age of patients was 56.7 +/- 9.9 years (mean +/- standard deviation). The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) at baseline were 8.1 +/- 1.2% and 29.2 +/- 4.6 kg/m(2), respectively. Significant reduction was observed in HbA1c (0.66%) and body weight (2.9 kg) (p<0.01) with dapagliflozin administration. After 12 months, blood pressure, liver function parameters (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], y-glutamyl transpeptidase [y-GTP]), uric acid, lipid profile (p<0.05) were significantly improved. Multiple regression analyses showed that high baseline HbA1c affected the improvement of HbA1c. Additionally, female sex and long disease duration affected BMI improvement. Regarding the safety, none of the 112 subjects exhibited severe adverse effects related to dapagliflozin, and no clinically meaningful changes were observed in the data from blood tests and physical measurements obtained during outpatient visits. Conclusion: This multicenter study conducted at medical institutions in the Chikushi region of Kyushu confirmed the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in clinical practice. We identified baseline HbA1c level as a factor that affected the change in HbA1c, and sex and disease duration as factors affecting the change in BMI.