FPGA Implementation of a Kalman-Based Motion Estimator for Levitated Nanoparticles

Optically trapped nanoparticles are used in various fields ranging from biophysics to precision sensing. An optically trapped nanoparticle can be regarded as a harmonic oscillator driven by the thermal fluctuations of its environment. Unlocking the potential of optically levitated systems for precision measurements in the classical and the quantum regime requires cooling of the particle motion. In...