ID: 74: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH BODY MASS INDEX ≥30

Introduction Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and although mortality is decreasing, prevalence of CAD is increasing. A number of modifiable risk factors (smoking) and non-modifiable risk factors (gender, age) have well established association with CAD, whereas other potential risk factors (such as obesity) are less well established. In this study, we evaluated the obesity as a single risk factor for CAD and evaluated the synergistic effect of obesity with the other risk factors. Method A retrospective study of 7,567 patients admitted to hospital for chest pain from 2005–2014 and underwent cardiac catheterization. Patients were divided into two groups: obese and normal with body mass index (BMI) calculated as ≥30 kg/m 2 and ≤ 25, respectively. Patients with BMIs between 26 and 29 were excluded. We assessed the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in obese patients and the degree of CAD with coronary angiography as obstructive CAD (left main stenosis of ≥50% or any stenosis of ≥70%), non-obstructive CAD (≥1 stenosis ≥20% but no stenosis ≥70%) and normal coronaries. Results Of the 7,567 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization, 414 (5.5%) had a BMI ≥30. Of 414 obese patients, 332 (80%) had evidence of CAD. Obese patients displayed evidence of CAD at the age of 57 versus 63.3 in non-obese patients ( p Of the 332 patients with CAD and obesity, 55.4% had obstructive CAD versus 44.6% with non-obstructive CAD. In obese patients with CAD, Male gender and history of smoking were major risk factors for development of obstructive CAD ( p =0.001 and 0.01, respectively) while dyslipidemia was a major risk factor for non-obstructive CAD ( p 0.01). Additionally, obese patients with more than one risk factor; developed obstructive CAD compared to non-obstructive CAD ( p =0.003). Approximately 40% presented with STEMI, 30% with NSTEMI and 30% had stable angina as a primary diagnosis. Of the 332 obese patients with CAD, 24% received medical treatment, 58% underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 18% obtained coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In a gender comparison, average age of CAD in obese males were 55 years of age compared to 59 in females ( p p p p Conclusion Having a BMI ≥30 appears to correlate as a risk factor for early development of CAD. Severity of CAD in obese patients is depicted on non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors such as the male gender and smoking or greater than one risk factor, respectively. Early lifestyle modification and education may provide benefit in striving to aid decreasing incidents of CAD and possibly lowering cardiovascular events.