IL-27 inhibits the TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in alveolar epithelial cells

Background IL-27 is a multifunctional cytokine that has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. Although IL-27 has been shown to potently inhibit lung fibrosis, the detailed mechanism of IL-27 in this process is poorly understood. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the key mechanisms involved in pulmonary fibrosis. We assessed the effects of IL-27 on TGF-β1-induced EMT in alveolar epithelial cells. Methods A549 cells (a human AEC cell line) were incubated with TGF-β1, IL-27, or both TGF-β1 and IL-27, and changes in E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and a-SMA levels were measured using real-time PCR, western blotting and fluorescence microscopy. The related proteins in the JAK/STAT and TGF-β/Smad signalling pathways were examined by western blot. Results IL-27 increased the expression of epithelial phenotypic markers, including E-cadherin and β-catenin, and inhibited mesenchymal phenotypic markers, including vimentin and a-SMA in A549 cells. Moreover, TGF-β1-induced EMT was attenuated by IL-27. Furthermore, we found that TGF-β1 activated the phosphorylation of JAK1, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, Smad1, Smad3 and Smad5, and IL-27 partially inhibited these changes in this process. When cells were treated with the STAT3 specific inhibitor wp1006 and the Smad3 specific inhibitor SIS3, the inhibition of EMT by IL-27 was significantly strengthened. Conclusion Our results suggest that IL-27 attenuates epithelial–mesenchymal transition in alveolar epithelial cells in the absence or presence of TGF-β1 through the JAK/STAT and TGF-β/Smad signalling pathways.