Relational models and engagement: an attachment theory perspective

Purpose - Researchers have explored contextual antecedents influencing engagement at work; yet, theory and empirical evidence suggest some individuals are more or less engaged than others. Using a relational framework based on attachment theory, the purpose of this paper is to suggest that relational models influence engagement through their influence on psychological availability and psychological safety. Study 1 examined whether attachment influences variability in engagement. Study 2 examined whether these effects could be replicated, and whether attachment influences engagement via individuals' psychological availability and safety. Design/methodology/approach - Two field studies using online self-report surveys ( Study 1 n = 203; Study 2 n = 709). Findings - Attachment-avoidance and attachment-anxiety were independently associated with lower levels of engagement, and psychological conditions mediated these relationships. Research limitations/implications - Relational models explain predictable variability in engagement. Employees' ability to engage may be constrained or facilitated by their stable relational models of attachment. Originality/value - The study is one of the few examining individual differences in engagement.