Probability of Physical Association of 104 Blended Companions to Kepler Objects of Interest Using Visible and Near-Infrared Adaptive Optics Photometry

We determine probabilities of physical association for stars in blended Kepler Objects of Interest, and find that 14.5%^+3.8%_-3.4% of companions within ∼4 are consistent with being physically unassociated with their primary. This produces a better understanding of potential false positives in the Kepler catalog and will guide models of planet formation in binary systems. Physical association is determined through two methods of calculating multi-band photometric parallax using visible and near-infrared adaptive optics observation of 84 KOI systems with 104 contaminating companions within ∼4. We find no evidence that KOI companions with separation of less than 1 are more likely to be physically associated than KOI companions generally. We also reinterpret transit depths for 94 planet candidates, and calculate that 2.6%± 0.4% of transits have R > 15R_, which is consistent with prior modeling work.