Leveraging Worker Safety Perceptions to Promote Safe Performance in Airports: Investigating the Framing of Safety Standards and Worker Safety Construal

Airports are complex systems characterized by unique and unpredictable safety challenges. Analyses of safety policies and practices focusing on organizational level (e.g., safety culture and climate) may overlook the importance of individual workers' safety perceptions. The current research highlights two factors that play important roles in shaping these perceptions: the framing of safety standards and the level of abstraction with which workers conceptualize safety. From the perspective of the individual worker, operational safety is one of many workplace goals that must be balanced and prioritized. Workers are more likely to prioritize safety when safety standards are framed in negative (proscriptive) rather than positive (prescriptive) terms. Workers who tend to conceptualize safety in more abstract terms may prioritize safety appropriately when planning future behavior (i.e., during training) but give way to other considerations (e.g., schedule, cost) when faced with pressing decisions. Workers who view safety in very concrete terms, in contrast, are more attuned to the ethical implications of their choices (i.e., the potential for harm) and are therefore more likely to put safety considerations first. These arguments are supported by an empirical field study conducted in a large aviation services organization and shown to be robust to a variety of individual and organizational factors. Recommendations for airport managers indicate how these findings may be applied to enhance the efficacy of safety messages. Specifically, managers should present safety standards in negative terms; use vivid, concrete language when discussing safety; and continually reinforce the ethical implications of workplace safety.