Protective effects of Solanum cernuum extract against chromosomal and genomic damage induced by methyl methanesulfonate in Swiss mice.

Solanum cernuum Vell is a Brazilian shrub or small tree, restricted to Southeast states of the country. The leaves are commercialized as "panaceia" and indicated for the treatment of urinary disorders, gonorrhea, scabies, skin diseases and as desobstruent, diuretic and antiarrhythmic. The hydroalcholic extract is active in the treatment of gastric ulcer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of S. cernuum hydroalcoholic extract (SC) in Swiss mice by micronucleus and comet assays. The animals were treated by gavage with the doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). For antigenotoxicity assessment, the doses of 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg b.w SC were administered simultaneously with the mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS, 40 mg/kg b.w., i.p.). The results showed that the SC was not genotoxic in both micronucleus and comet assays. On the other hand, the treatment with the lowest dose of SC (15 mg/kg b.w.) plus MMS showed a statistically significant reduction in the frequency of micronuclei compared to treatment only with MMS. For the comet assay, significant reduction in extensions of DNA damage was observed in all treatments with SC combined with MMS in comparison with only MMS. The antigenotoxic activity observed for the SC may be due to the antioxidant potential of the compounds present in the extract such as guanidine alkaloids and flavonoids. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.