Hepatitis B Seroepidemiology in Australia One Decade after Universal Vaccination of Infants and Adolescents.
Infectious disorders drug targets(2020)
摘要
This study assessed the impact of the staged introduction of universal infant and adolescent catch-up hepatitis B vaccination programs on the prevalence of immunity and past hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in targeted cohorts over almost a decade in Australia. We compared the prevalence of immunity in relevant cohorts of children and adolescents in repeated national serological surveys conducted in 1998-99, 2002 and 2007. Residual sera (n =2210) collected opportunistically from Australian laboratories in 2007 were tested for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) indicating vaccine-induced immunity; sera from persons aged 12-29 years with anti-HBs detected (n =386) were then tested for hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) to identify past hepatitis B infection. In 2007, compared with the baseline period of 1998-99, anti-HBs prevalence had increased significantly in all age groups below 24 years, more than doubling in target children. Prevalence of anti-HBc was zero in the 12-14 years and reduces by 71% in those aged 15-19 years. The hepatitis B vaccination protected a significant number of targeted adolescents with a modest vaccine uptake (57% to 60% nationally). In a setting without incentives or school entry requirements, adolescent vaccination coverage was significantly higher when delivered by school-based rather than GP-based mechanisms. A cohort of children was growing up in Australia with high prevalence of vaccine-induced immunity against hepatitis B, providing the best opportunity for controlling HBV infection in Australia.
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关键词
Australia,Hepatitis B,adolescent,seroepidemiology study,universal hepatitis B vaccination
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