The Impact of Early Adequate Treatment on Extubation and Discharge Alive of Patients With Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Related Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.

Objectives: We aim to examine the effect of early adequate treatment in comparison with inadequate or delayed treatment on being extubated or discharged alive over time, in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-related ventilator-associated pneumonia. Design: Retrospective analyses of a prospective observational multicenter cohort study. Setting: ICU. Patients: Patients of the French prospective database (OUTCOMEREA) were included if they acquired a ventilator-associated pneumonia due to P. aeruginosa between 1997 and 2014 and were mechanically ventilated for more than 48 hours. Interventions: Early adequate treatment in comparison with inadequate or delayed adequate treatment. Measurements and Main Results: Multistate models were applied to estimate the time-dependent probability of being extubated or discharged alive, and separate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the treatment effect on all important events that influence the outcome of interest. A propensity score-adjusted innovative regression technique was used for a combined and comprehensive patient-relevant summary effect measure. No evidence was found for a difference between adequate and inadequate or delayed treatment on being extubated or discharged alive. However, for all patients, the probability of being extubated or discharged alive remains low and does not exceed 50% even 40 days after a P. aeruginosa-related ventilator-associated pneumonia. Conclusions: Early adequate treatment does not seem to be associated with an improved prognosis. Its potential benefit requires further investigation in larger observational studies.