Underuse of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Workers With Coronary Artery Disease　- Claims Database Survey in Japan.

Background: Workers with coronary artery disease (CAD) require evidence-based care in order to return to work safely. We assessed the use of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) among workers with CAD, and identified the factors associated with CR use. Methods and Results: A retrospective cohort study based on data from a health insurance claims database was conducted. We identified workers aged >= 18 years who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between 2006 and 2013, and reviewed the utilization of inpatient or outpatient CR. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with CR use. A total of 1,699 patients were included. The frequency of inpatient and outpatient CR use was 23.7% (n= 402) and 4.2% (n= 72), respectively. Patients diagnosed with ST-elevated myocardial infarction were most likely to receive inpatient CR, and patients undergoing CABG were more likely to receive inpatient CR than those undergoing PCI. Moreover, inpatient CR use was associated with longer hospitalization duration, catecholamine use, and no history of chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, both unstable and stable angina were negatively correlated with outpatient CR use. Conclusions: Most of the Japanese workers with CAD in this study did not undergo CR. The type of CAD was strongly associated with inpatient and outpatient CR use. Thus, a strong evidence-practice gap exists in secondary preventative care within this group of patients.