Effectiveness of an Evidence-Based Induction Therapy Protocol Revision in Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients.

STUDY OBJECTIVE Induction immunosuppression significantly improves graft outcomes after kidney transplantation, but protocols vary among transplant centers due to the lack of data identifying an optimal induction agent. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an evidence-based protocol change in induction therapy in adult kidney transplant recipients. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Large tertiary care academic medical center. PATIENTS A total of 349 patients transplanted between August 2011 and December 2013 were included in the study. A protocol revision in 2012 reserved the use of lymphocyte-depleting induction therapy to a select group of traditionally high-risk patients based on the findings of a previous randomized controlled trial performed at this center. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The primary outcome was biopsy-proved acute rejection and graft loss. The use of nondepleting induction therapy increased significantly after the protocol revision, with no significant differences in rejection or infection rates identified between protocols. When comparing graft survival between the protocol cohorts, there was no significant difference. A costminimization analysis indicated that the revised protocol was associated with considerable medication cost savings. CONCLUSION A protocol targeting the use of lymphocyte-depleting induction to a select group of highrisk recipients appears to have equivalent efficacy and safety and is less costly compared with a more traditional induction protocol.