Structure-Activity Relationships Of Novel N-Benzoyl Arylpiperidine And Arylazetidine Fasn Inhibitors

De novo synthesis of fatty acids in mammalian cells is catalyzed by Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), a complex dimeric protein with seven catalytic domains that processes acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA into palmitic acid. Palmitate and other fatty acids are essential for normal physiological processes like energy storage and production and are key intermediates in the biosynthesis of hormones and other essential biomolecules. The role of FASN in cancer has been well documented over the past decade. While FASN is expressed at low levels in most normal tissue (except liver and adipose tissue), it is highly expressed in many tumors including prostate, breast, and colon. FASN overexpression and activity is correlated with poor prognosis and disease progression. Numerous publications describing anti-cancer effects of small molecule FASN inhibitors have appeared in the scientific and patent literature. Recently, several groups reported anticancer and antiviral activities of N-benzoyl arylpiperidine FASN inhibitors. In this work we describe the discovery of novel N-benzoyl arylpiperidine and arylazetidine compounds that potently inhibit FASN enzymatic activity in vitro and antiproliferative activity in FASN-sensitive cell lines. We conducted focused structure-activity (SAR) studies exploring the benzoyl group and the aryl substituent on the piperidine or azetidine heterocycle to optimize potency, improve properties and oral bioavailability, and achieve in vivo FASN-driven pharmacodynamic (PD) activity. X-ray crystal structures of these molecules confirm a unique binding mode within the KR subdomain of FASN. Using structural information and molecular modeling, we were able to rationalize SAR trends and design FASN inhibitors with excellent in vitro potency and cellular activity. These efforts resulted in the discovery of compounds exemplified by JNJ-54380482, a potent FASN inhibitor (IC50 = 26 nM) that inhibits proliferation of A2780 ovarian cells in lipid-reduced medium (LRM, IC50 = 8.9 nM). Engagement of FASN in cellular assays is confirmed by rescue of proliferation upon addition of palmitate. JNJ-54380482 is orally bioavailable in mice (F% = 51) and exhibits excellent plasma exposure when dosed at 10 mg/kg (Cmax = 2.6 µM, T1/2 = 5 h). In a PD study using H460 lung xenograft-bearing mice, oral treatment with 30 mg/kg of JNJ-54380482 results in 36-fold higher tumor levels of malonyl-CoA vs vehicle. In summary, we synthesized several hundred compounds having the N-benzoyl arylpiperidine and arylazetidine chemotypes. Utilizing structural information from X-ray co-crystals to understand SAR and guide the design of more potent molecules, we identified >100 analogs with highly potent FASN enzymatic (IC50 ≤ 50 nM) and antiproliferative activities in A2780 cells in LRM (IC50 ≤ 100 nM). Key examples from these series have good in vitro properties, are orally bioavailable, and demonstrate FASN target engagement in a mouse PD model. Citation Format: Peter J. Connolly, Gilles Bignan, James Bischoff, Sabine De Breucker, Norbert Esser, Erwin Fraiponts, Ron Gilissen, Bruce Grasberger, Boudewijn Janssens, Tianbao Lu, Donald Ludovici, Lieven Meerpoel, Christophe Meyer, Michael Parker, Danielle Peeters, Carsten Schubert, Karine Smans, Luc Van Nuffel, Peter Vermeulen. Structure-activity relationships of novel N-benzoyl arylpiperidine and arylazetidine FASN inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2535. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2535