Aspectos clinicopatológicos e laboratoriais do envenenamento experimental por Bothrops moojeni e Bothropoides neuwiedi em ovinos

Diefenbach A., Anjos B.L., Caldas S.A., Peixoto T.C., Brito M.F., Yamasaki E.M., Santa-Rita P.H. & Tokarnia C.H. 2012. [Clinicopathological and laboratory aspects of experimental poisoning by Bothrops moojeni and Bothropoides neuwiedi snake venoms in sheep.] Aspectos clinicopatologicos e laboratoriais do envenenamento experimental por Bothrops moojeni e Bothropoides neuwiedi em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 32(1):49-60. Curso de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, RJ 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: tokarnia@ufrrj.br Spontaneous envenoming by snake bite is described as a cause of death in domestic animals. However, there are just few information about the species of snake involved, course, and clinicopathological and laboratory findings. Thus, this research aimed to determine the clinicopathological and laboratory changes induced by Bothrops moojeni and Bothropoides neuwiedi snake venoms in sheep, in order to provide additional information regarding snakebites in farm animals and to help establish the diagnosis of this condition. The lyophilized snake venoms were dissolved in 1mL saline solution and administered subcutaneously into the right face of four sheep, at doses of 0.41mg/kg and 0.82mg/kg of B. moojeni venom for two sheep, and 1.0mg/kg of B. neuwiedi venom for two other sheep. Only the sheep which had received the lowest dose (0.41mg/kg) survived, but developed severe clinical signs, similar to the others. First clinical signs were observed about 10 minutes after inoculation in all sheep. The course varied from 2 to 4 days. The clinical findings in all sheep were characterized by apathy, marked swelling of the face, the ventral neck and esternal region, and mild swelling of the proximal portion of the forelimbs, as well as increased bleeding time, tachycardia, pale mucous membranes, and large quantity of undigested blood in the intestinal lumen. Laboratory exams showed mainly a reduction in serum protein and increased creatine kinase in all sheep. At necropsy, extensive hematomas were observed in the subcutaneous tissue of the swollen areas. Also petechiae, bruises and mild to moderate hemorrhagic suffusions on the serosa of various organs, and blood within the intestinal contents of the distal rectum were observed. In addition to hemorrhages, the main histopathological changes were necrosis of skeletal muscle fibers and blood vessel walls next to the inoculation site. The swollen areas on face, neck, sternum and limbs of the sheep were due the hematomas.