Real-time tracking of concrete vibration effort for intelligent concrete consolidation

Proper consolidation of concrete is critical to the long-term strength of concrete structures. Vibration is a commonly used method to make concrete flowable and to remove the excessive entrapped air, therefore contributing to proper concrete consolidation. To introduce vibrations to freshly placed concrete, various tools such as internal vibrators are widely used in the construction industry. Producing a dense concrete without segregation with these tools requires an experienced vibrator operator. Inexperienced vibrator operators tend to over-consolidate or under-consolidate concrete. Many of these quality problems have their roots in the lack of quality control methods that can provide real-time feedback on the quality of concrete consolidation to vibrator operators. A real-time wireless sensing-based internal vibrator tip tracking system was developed and validated in this research to support intelligent concrete consolidation operations. More specifically, the research explored the use of an ultra wideband (UWB) tracking system to realize precise localization of the tip of an internal vibrator. A series of indoor and outdoor experiments are conducted to validate and model the tracking accuracy. A novel visualization program was developed to visualize operators' vibration effort in real-time. The program is capable of displaying vibration location and time in real-time. A vibrator operator can leverage such information to visualize the distribution of his vibration effort, and spot areas that may need mitigation actions. This also provides an innovative construction inspection practice to owners and resident engineers. The new concrete consolidation tool will allow contractors to proactively address concrete consolidation issues, a problem common to many concrete construction projects.