Pre-military victimization and trauma among a sample of justice-involved veterans

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e34–e117 e89 Brief guide to prevent overdose fatality for prescription opioid abusers: A harm reduction initiative Lauren E. Sandstrom1, Paul Coplan1, Howard Chilcoat1, Fred W. Brason2, Carl Leukefeld3, Louis A. Morris4 1 Purdue Pharma, Stamford, CT, United States 2 Project Lazarus, Moravian Falls, NC, United States 3 University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States 4 Louis A Morris u0026 Assoc., Dix Hills, NY, United States Aims: Pharmaceutical companies are required by FDA to distribute Medication Guides to patients with each pill bottle of extended-release opioids educating them on safe use. However, a large portion of overdoses occur among abusers without prescriptions. To fill this gap, a 1-page Guide was developed targeted to opioid abusers and friends/families, which provides information to reduce risk of fatal overdose. Methods:Adraft Guidewas developedwith input fromexperts. The draft addressed key risks and effective steps to intervene in 5 areas:What are the risks?What are the signs? How do I respond to an overdose in another person?What increases the risks? Help for drug treatment. Qualitative researchwas conducted usingmultiple diverse focus groups (FG) composed of 8–15daily non-medical opioid users. Phase I focused on version (concise versus detailed) and Phase II focused on participants’ understanding and acceptance of content. Results: Phase I testing determined a concise version was preferred over a detailed one (368 vs. 611words) but some items from the detailed version were considered valuable e.g., list of opioids. Phase II examined a single version of revised content in 2 diverse rural FG in KY and NC. Themes highlighted by both FG included the dangers of mixing drugs and alcohol and increasing doses to get high. The groups differed on preferred order of presentation of content. The recommendation to Call 911 was identified as risky in KY, but not in NC where Good Samaritan legislation was in place. FG participants highlighted key information in the Guide that was learned including u003c10breaths/minute and snoring as signs of overdose. However, there was strong adherence tomyth or actions that do not work and waste time in overdose response e.g., ice or cold showers. Conclusions: A simple guide to prevent opioid overdose and its consequences was found to be useful and was accepted by nonmedical opioid users. Financial support: Purdue Pharma L.P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.610 Pre-military victimization and trauma among a sample of justice-involved veterans Leon Sawh1,2,3, Debra A. Pinals4,2, David Smelson1,2, Carl Fulwiler2, Stephanie Singer2, Kathryn O’Connor2, William Fisher3, Stephanie Hartwell5, Gerardo Gonzalez2 1 Department of Veterans Affairs, Bedford, MA, United States 2 University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States 3 University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States 4 Massachusetts Department of Mental Health, Boston, MA, United States 5 University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA,