Leadership and Strategic Decision Making Under Exogenous Shocks Such as COVID-19

This manuscript addresses three topics relevant to the field of leadership and strategy. The topics include the effect of individual and group decision processes on leadership decision-making, the newest directions and developments in the strategic leadership literature, and the effect of exogenous shocks such as COVID-19 on leadership decision-making. It includes a thematic literature review on individual and group processes in leadership decision-making. It addresses affective and cognitive processes, cognitive biases and heuristics, group decision-making, and affective and cognitive processes in individual decision-making. It describes the latest literature on strategic leadership decisions under uncertainty and artificial intelligence as an aid to decision-making. It includes a discussion of exogenous shocks such as COVID-19 on strategic leader decision-making. It also describes the impact of exogenous shocks on small and medium-sized enterprises, crisis management, stress on decision-makers, effective decision-makers, and leader behaviors that impact crisis decision-making.