Morphology and intercellular communication in glial cells of intramural ganglia from the guinea-pig urinary bladder.

Neurons in most peripheral ganglia are surrounded by satellite glial cells (SCs), but these cells have so far received little attention. We used immunohistochemistry and intracellular injections of tracers to characterize SCs in the intramural ganglia of the guinea-pig urinary bladder, which are part of the parasympathetic system. Intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) revealed two morphological types: cells that surrounded neurons and are SCs proper, and bipolar cells with processes that projected into the nerve fiber bundles connecting the ganglia. SCs were immunopositive for glutamine synthetase (GS) and S100β and immunonegative for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Injections of Lucifer yellow (LY) or biocytin (molecules known to cross gap junctions) into single SCs showed that these cells have a very low degree of intercellular coupling. A mean of 0.31 and 0.71 cells were coupled to the injected cells, using LY and biocytin, respectively. It appears that SCs in the bladder ganglia are distinct from central and enteric glial cells in the small degree of their coupling and in the absence of GFAP immunostaining.