Genetic association signal near NTN4 in Tourette syndrome.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic etiology. Through an international collaboration, we genotyped 42 single nucleotide polymorphisms (p < 10(-3)) from the recent TS genomewide association study (GWAS) in 609 independent cases and 610 ancestry-matched controls. Only rs2060546 on chromosome 12q22 (p = 3.3 x 10 (-4)) remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Meta-analysis with the original GWAS yielded the strongest association to date (p = 5.8 x 10 (7)). Although its functional significance is unclear, rs2060546 lies closest to NTN4, an axon guidance molecule expressed in developing striatum. Risk score analysis significantly predicted case-control status (p - 0.042), suggesting that many of these variants are true TS risk alleles.