Liver disorders in adults: ALT and AST]

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are commonly used biomarkers for liver damage. As well as in liver tissue, AST is also present in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in erythrocytes, making ALT the most specific marker for liver damage. Here, we describe two patients with sustained increases in ALT and AST levels. The first patient is a 79-year-old woman who developed elevated serum transaminases shortly after having a myocardial infarction. The second patient, an obese 40-year-old woman presented with increased ALT and AST levels in the absence of physical symptoms. Notably, her father died of liver cirrhosis without a history of alcohol abuse. Based upon these case reports we discuss the differential diagnostic work-up of elevated serum transaminase levels. Furthermore, we explain monitoring, test performance, reference values and analytical pitfalls of these biomarkers.