Effect of macrolide on lung function and computed tomography (CT) score in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

The few studies addressing the effect of macrolides in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) range from no decline to significant improvement. There are no data evaluating macrolides on CT score.To retrospectively evaluate the effect of initiation of macrolides on spirometry and HRCT in a NCFB population.We performed a word search in the electronic patient file data of the University Hospital of Leuven, Belgium, identifying all NCFB patients observed during a 41 month period and treated with macrolides. Records of all NCFB patients were manually reviewed, evaluating spirometry and CT scans, before and after/during macrolide treatment, treatment scheme, Pseudomonas status and other relevant data. CT scoring was done by using a modified version of the Brody score.Evaluation of 131 patients showed a mean FEV1 improvement of 185 ml (p<0.0001) or 7.7% (p<0.0001) and a mean FVC improvement by 234 ml (p<0.001) or 7.4% (p<0.001). Smoking history, gender, Pseudomonas colonization and baseline lung function did not affect improvement in lung function. Patients with NCFB due to an immunodeficiency showed a significant larger macrolide-associated improvement in FEV1% (p=0.0075) and FVC% (p=0.0063) than patients with NCFB due to other causes. An improvement was noted in CT subscores for bronchiectasis (p=0.0053), mucus plugging (p=0.0256), peribronchial thickening (p=0.0037), parenchyma (p=0.026) and total modified Brody score (p=0.001) after versus before macrolide therapy.Macrolides, as part of a multimodal and individualized therapy may significantly improve FVC, FEV1 and the modified Brody score in patients with NCFB, especially those with NCFB due to immunodeficiency.