Intrauterine growth retardation and vascular changes in neonates]

Cardiovascular disease (arteriosclerosis) is one of the most common causes of premature illness and death in industrialized countries. The established risk factors for its development are dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, positive family history and smoking. The fetal programming hypothesis (i.e. that prenatal conditions are important for the development of cardiovascular diseases) has been used to explain causal mechanisms of arteriosclerosis, such as biological disturbances in the blood vessels of growth-retarded neonates. This hypothesis differs from the more traditional explanation that health in adulthood is more or less determined by accumulated incidents throughout life.The article is based on a review of relevant literature retrieved from PubMed (from 1980-2007), including all references in the English articles, and own research.Arteriosclerosis is a lifelong process, with a number of wellknown risk factors. The last 10-15 years have provided sound evidence for the connection between low birth weight and early morphological and physiological changes in vessels. This may explain why individuals with low birth weight have an increased risk of developing arteriosclerosis and provide a link between low birth weight and an increased mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases in adult life.