Costs associated with shorter duration of antibiotic therapy in hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate severe community-acquired pneumonia.

Objectives: The optimal duration of antibiotic therapy in patients with uncomplicated pneumonia may be shorter than that recommended in the current guidelines. A shorter duration will probably also lead to a cost reduction. This study evaluates the costs associated with 3 versus 8 day antibiotic therapy and subsequent follow-up in patients hospitalized with mild-to-moderate-severe community-acquired pneumonia. Patients and methods: The economic evaluation was based on primary resource utilization data collected within the framework of a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. As 3 day therapy was shown to be clinically not inferior to 8 day therapy, the cost-minimization analysis was performed based on direct medical and indirect non-medical costs, estimated from a societal perspective for the 28 days following hospital admission. Results: Lower costs of shorter therapy during hospital admission (e209 lower) were partially offset by higher costs for primary healthcare providers (e66 higher). The average costs generated per patient by resource utilization during admission and follow-up were estimated as e3959 in the 3 day group versus e4102 in the 8 day group (difference e143 in favour of shorter therapy). The difference was affected by changes in assumptions concerning the unit costs for hospital stay but was consistently in favour of shorter therapy. Conclusions: Shorter duration of antibiotic therapy in hospitalized patients with uncomplicated pneumonia does not result in a substantial substitution of resource utilization to primary healthcare providers. As 3 day antibiotic therapy does not lead to inferior clinical results, these findings support a 3 day therapy as a more efficient strategy.