Protein phosphatase 2A mediates resensitization of the neurokinin 1 receptor.

Murphy JE, Roosterman D, Cottrell GS, Padilla BE, Feld M, Brand E, Cedron WJ, Bunnett NW, Steinhoff M. Protein phosphatase 2A mediates resensitization of the neurokinin 1 receptor. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 301: C780-C791, 2011. First published July 27, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00096.2011.-Activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are phosphorylated and interact with beta-arrestins, which mediate desensitization and endocytosis. Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) degrades neuropeptides in endosomes and can promote recycling. Although endocytosis, dephosphorylation, and recycling are accepted mechanisms of receptor resensitization, a large proportion of desensitized receptors can remain at the cell surface. We investigated whether reactivation of noninternalized, desensitized (phosphorylated) receptors mediates resensitization of the substance P (SP) neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R). Herein, we report a novel mechanism of resensitization by which protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is recruited to dephosphorylate noninternalized NK1R. A desensitizing concentration of SP reduced cell-surface SP binding sites by only 25%, and SP-induced Ca2+ signals were fully resensitized before cell-surface binding sites started to recover, suggesting resensitization of cell-surface-retained NK1R. SP induced association of beta-arrestin1 and PP2A with noninternalized NK1R. beta-Arrestin1 small interfering RNA knockdown prevented SP-induced association of cell-surface NK1R with PP2A, indicating that beta-arrestin1 mediates this interaction. ECE-1 inhibition, by trapping beta-arrestin1 in endosomes, also impeded SP-induced association of cell-surface NK1R with PP2A. Resensitization of NK1R signaling required both PP2A and ECE-1 activity. Thus, after stimulation with SP, PP2A interacts with noninternalized NK1R and mediates resensitization. PP2A interaction with NK1R requires beta-arrestin1. ECE-1 promotes this process by releasing beta-arrestin1 from NK1R in endosomes. These findings represent a novel mechanism of PP2A- and ECE-1-dependent resensitization of GPCRs.