Phenotypic Features of Selective T Cell Deficiency Characterized by Absence of CD8+T Lymphocytes and Undetectable mRNA for ZAP-70 Kinase

Selective T cell deficiency is a rare immune deficiency characterized by the absence of CD8+T lymphocytes and depressed/absent T cell function. This syndrome has been associated with mutations in the gene for ZAP-70, a tyrosine kinase that has profound effects on signaling via the T cell receptor. In this paper we describe a patient with selective T cell deficiency and certain phenotypic features that are unique among the small number of patients described. The patient had virtually absent T cell function, hypogammaglobulinemia, and no response to vaccination. The T lymphocytes failed to respond to mitogenic stimuli, even in the presence of exogenous interleukin 2. Similar to other patients with this disorder, the T cells were capable of proliferating when stimulated by pharmacologic agents such as phorbol ester and ionomycin. While peripheral blood T cells had limited capability to increase cytosolic Ca2+levels in response to mitogenic stimulation, thymocytes responded to a large panel of antibodies and mitogens. This report broadens the spectrum of clinical presentations associated with selective T cell deficiency and, for the first time, compares the responses of both peripheral T cells and thymocytes. The data support the concept that the defect in signal transduction resulting from the absence of ZAP-70 is primarily manifested following export of T lymphocytes from the thymus and that selection of CD8-positive T cells is dependent on the presence of ZAP-70.