The interaction of H2O2 with exchanged titanium oxide systems (TS-1, TiO2, [Ti]-APO-5, Ti-ZSM-5)Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XRD patterns and further EPR spectra. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cp/b3/b306398b/

The interaction of hydrogen peroxide with a range of polycrystalline titanium oxide systems, including TiO2, TS-1, [Ti]-APO-5 and ion-exchanged Ti-ZSM-5, has been investigated using c.w. X-band EPR spectroscopy. Decomposition of the peroxide occurs immediately upon contact with all of the metal oxides investigated, resulting in the formation of a series of paramagnetic oxygen centred radicals. In the TiO2/H2O2 system, intense signals assigned to adsorbed O-2(-) anions were observed. Traces of physisorbed water was found to retard the motional characteritics of the adsorbed O-2(-) anion, as manifested in the variable-temperature EPR spectra. In addition, covalently bound superoxo species were also identified on the TiO2/H2O2 surface. In the TS-1/H2O2 system, two different bound peroxo radicals were observed and identified firstly as (1) Ti(OSi)(4)/O-2(-)/H2O or Ti(OSi)(4)/OO./H2O and secondly (2) as HOTi(OSi)(3)/OO./H2O. In both cases, the adsorbed radical interacts with an adjacent water molecule, while the two models differ by the presence or absence of a titanol function. An EPR signal of the weakly adsorbed hyperperoxy radicals (HO2.) was also observed in H2O2-treated TS-1. In the [Ti]-APO-5/H2O2 and Ti-ZSM5/H2O2 systems bound peroxo radicals are observed in both cases, but broader EPR resonances are observed in the latter case over ZSM5 due to the heterogeneity of extraframework Ti4+ adsorption sites for stabilisation of the radical anions.