Chromosomal gains and losses are uncommon in hairy cell leukemia: a study based on comparative genomic hybridization and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization

In contrast to other subtypes of lymphoproliferative malignancies, the genetic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) are unknown. We studied densely infiltrated splenic tissue of 14 cases of HCL for the presence of chromosomal gains and losses by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Chromosomal imbalances were detected in only four of the 14 cases. Chromosomal gains involved the regions 5q13–q31 (two cases) and 1p32–p36.2 (one case). A loss of the region 11q14–q22 was found in one additional patient. The imbalances affecting the regions 5q and 11q were confirmed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using PAC clone 144G9 (5q31) and YAC clones 755B11 (11q22.3–q23.1) and 801E11 (11q22.3–q23.1 spanning the ATM gene) and occurred in 61% to 75% of analyzed nuclei. The latter DNA probes and probes hybridizing to chromosomal regions, which are frequently deleted in other subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), namely 9p21/ P16INK4A, 13q14/D13S25, and 17p13/P53 were subsequently applied to all 14 cases of HCL, but no additional abnormalities were found. We conclude that overrepresentation of chromosome 5 represents a recurrent aberration in HCL and that the commonly overrepresented region resides in 5q13–q31. Chromosomal imbalances including deletions of the tumor suppressor gene loci 9p21/P16INK4A, 13q14/D13S25, and 17p13/P53 rarely occur in HCL in contrast to some other subtypes of B-cell NHL. The pathogenetic role of 11q/ATM alterations in HCL remains to be determined.