Transcriptomic responses to sodium chloride-induced osmotic stress: a study of industrial fed-batch CHO cell cultures.

The rapidly expanding market for monoclonal antibody and Fc-fusion-protein therapeutics has increased interest in improving the productivity of mammalian cell lines, both to alleviate capacity limitations and control the cost of goods. In this study, we evaluated the responses of an industrial CHO cell line producing an Fc-fusion-protein to hyperosmotic stress, a well-known productivity enhancer, and compared them with our previous studies of murine hybridomas (Shen and Sharfstein, Biotechnol Bioeng. 2006;93:132-145). In batch culture studies, cells showed substantially increased specific productivity in response to increased osmolarity as well as significant metabolic changes. However, the final titer showed no substantial increase due to the decrease in viable cell density. In fed batch cultures, hyperosmolarity slightly repressed the cellular growth rate, but no significant change in productivity or final titer was detected. To understand the transcriptional responses to increased osmolarity and relate changes in gene expression to increased productivity and repressed growth, proprietary CHO microarrays were used to monitor the transcription profile changes in response to osmotic stress. A set of osmotically regulated genes was generated and classified by extracting their annotations and functionalities from online databases. The gene list was compared with results previously obtained from similar studies of murine-hybridoma cells. The overall transcriptomic responses of the two cell lines were rather different, although many functional groups were commonly perturbed between them. Building on this study, we anticipate that further analysis will establish connections between productivity and the expression of specific gene(s), thus allowing rational engineering of mammalian cells for higher recombinant-protein productivity. (C) 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 26: 1104-1115, 2010