Composition and bioactive factor content of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) raw meal and protein concentrate

Analysis was done of the composition and bioactive factor content of whole meal, processed meal and protein concentrate from a cowpea cultivar (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp var. IT8613-719) grown in Yucatan, Mexico and of changes in these parameters after soaking and dehulling. Both meals had a high protein content (247.53 and 257 g kg(-1) dry matter (DM) respectively). The protein concentrate was rich in protein (786 g kg-1 DM) and lipids (58.47 g kg(-1) DM) and had an amino acid profile similar to that of the processed meal. The amino acid profiles of the meals almost covered human dietary requirements based on FAO/WHO/UNU-suggested profiles but were deficient in sulphur amino acids. Trypsin inhibitor activity was high in both meals compared with levels found in previous studies. Trypsin inhibitor activity in the concentrate was not eliminated but was significantly reduced. Lectin activity, tannin levels, phytate levels and alpha-amylase inhibitor activity were relatively low in the meals, and cyanogenic glucosides were not detected. Residual amounts of a-amylase inhibitors, tannins and phytate were observed in the concentrate, and lectin activity was not detected. Results indicate that V. unguiculata L. Walp var. IT86D-719 meals and protein concentrate are good potential foodstuffs in the Yucatan region. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry.