Distribution of apolipoprotein E between apo B- and non apo B-containing lipoproteins according to apo E phenotype.

Apolipoprotein E (ape E) is a component of all the classes of lipoproteins and can be distributed among apo B- (LpB) and non apo B-containing lipoproteins (Lp-non-B). Using a new electroimmunoassay kit, plasma apo E, apo E in Lp-non-B (ape E-Lp-non-B) and apo E in LpB (ape E-LpB) levels were measured in healthy control subjects (n = 481) from 3 centers participating in the ECTIM study (Etude Cas-Temoins sur l'Infarctus du Myocarde), a population-based study on myocardial infarction. The distribution of apo E among lipoproteins was analyzed according to the apo E phenotype after adjustment for center, body mass index, tobacco use, alcohol consumption and triglycerides. Apo E was higher (average excess: + 0.32; P < 0.0001) and lower (average excess: - 0.12; P < 0.0001) in subjects carrying the allele epsilon 2 and the allele epsilon 4 respectively, than in apo E3/3 subjects. These differences are the consequence of variations in apo E-Lp-non-B which clearly differed between the groups classified according to their apo E phenotype (P < 0.0001). The average excess of apo E Lp-non-B compared to apo E3/3 subjects was + 0.43 (P < 0.0001) and - 0.22 (P < 0.0001) for the epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 alleles respectively. Apo E-LpB was lower in subjects carrying the epsilon 2 allele (P < 0.02) while the presence of the epsilon 4 allele did not modify this parameter. The proportion of apo E within HDL was clearly higher and lower in subjects carrying apo E2 and apo E4 respectively than in apo E3/3 subjects. Although triglyceride levels were dependent on the apo E phenotype, the adjustment of the proportion of apo E in HDL for triglycerides hardly modified the results. For the first time, these results, using direct measurements on a large number of subjects, confirm the greater preference of apo E4 over apo E2 for LpB and vice versa for Lp-non-B. They also show a greater affinity of apo E2 for HDL compared to apo E3. This high affinity of apo E2 for HDL could be due to the formation of the apo E-A-II complex. These results indicate that apo E phenotype modulates the distribution of apo E among lipoproteins and suggest differences in lipoprotein metabolism between apo E2, apo E3 and apo E4. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.