Second Harmonic Generation with 48% Conversion Efficiency from Cavity Polygon Modes in a Monocrystalline Lithium Niobate Microdisk Resonator
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS（2025）
Abstract
Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) based optical microresonators offer large nonlinear coefficient d33 and high light-field confinement, allowing highly efficient second-order optical nonlinear frequency conversion. Here, ultra-efficiency SHG from high-Q polygon modes is achieved by maximizing the utilization of the highest nonlinear coefficient d33 in a monocrystalline X-cut TFLN microdisk resonator for the first time. The polygon modes are designed and formed with two parallel sides perpendicular to the optical axis of the lithium niobate crystal by introducing weak perturbations into the microdisk through a tapered fiber, which maximizes the utilization of d33. The polygon modes exhibit ultrahigh intrinsic Q factors up to 3.86 x 107, due to the fact that polygon modes are located far from the relatively rough sidewall of the microdisk. Moreover, the pump and second harmonic polygon modes share high modal overlap factor of approximate to 80%. Consequently, SHG from cavity polygon modes with absolute conversion efficiency as high as 48.08% is realized at an on-chip pump level of only 4.60 mW without fine domain structures, surpassing the best results (23% and 30%) reported in other two domain-inversion-free phase matching schemes and even approaching the record (52%) in periodically poled TFLN microresonators.
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Key words
lithium niobate,optical microcavity,phase match,second harmonic generation
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