Watershed Sediment Load Modeling Based on Runoff Erosion Energy

Lu Jia,Zhanbin Li,Kunxia Yu,Peng Li,Guoce Xu, Yongjun Zhao, Binbin Li,Ronghua Liu, Qi Liu

Journal of Hydrology（2025）SCI 1区SCI 2区

Cited 0|Views8

Abstract

Globally, severe soil erosion in river basins presents critical challenges for watershed management and environmental sustainability. Traditional sediment load models often fail to accurately capture sediment dynamics in watersheds due to limited understanding of the energy mechanisms driving soil erosion and their relationship with human activities and other influencing factors. To address this gap, a watershed sediment load model based on runoff erosion power was developed and improved, and then validated using long-term daily observation data from 9 typical watersheds in the Yellow and Yangtze River Basins. Results demonstrate that the runoff erosion power is a superior predictor of sediment load, with a R-2 of regression equation between runoff erosion power and sediment load being higher than rainfall erosivity and runoff in 78 % of the typical watersheds at both annual and monthly scales. At both multi-year and annual scales, the binary mixed distribution can effectively fit the nonlinear distribution characteristics of sediment load across different flow grades, with both theoretical and empirical cumulative probabilities achieving an R-2 of over 0.90. A significant increase in reservoirs and vegetation is likely a major factor contributing to changes in sediment load within the catchment (p < 0.05), showing a highly negative correlation with sediment load in all typical watersheds on an annual scale. The inclusion of engineering and vegetation indexes further improves model accuracy, achieving NSE values between the 50th percentile of the simulated sediment loads from the improved model and observed values above 0.76 on both annual and monthly scales across all watersheds, with the maximum value reaching 0.97. Notably, the overall accuracy on the monthly scale is higher than on the annual scale. This study offers quantitative evidence supporting the integration of runoff erosion energy, engineering, and ecological processes in sediment modeling, thereby advancing the scientific understanding of sediment dynamics and promoting sustainable watershed management under changing environmental conditions.

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Key words

Runoff erosion energy,Sediment load model,Engineering and vegetation indexes,Nonlinear distribution,Watershed

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