The Role and Function Mechanism of Pilv in Modulating the Pathogenicity of Aeromonas Hydrophila
Aquaculture（2025）
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a major pathogen causing lethal hemorrhagic septicemia, resulting in significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry. PilV, an adhesin protein located at the tip of Type IV pili (TFP), plays a critical role in the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila. However, its specific effects and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we constructed a genetically stable pilV deletion mutant strain of A. hydrophila (ΔpilV-AH). The median lethal dose (LD50) of ΔpilV-AH in Leiocassis longirostris was 4.0 times higher than that of the wild-type strain (WT-AH), indicating a significant reduction in virulence. Motility assays revealed that ΔpilV-AH exhibited enhanced swimming ability, while no notable differences were observed in twitching or swarming motility. Additionally, the biofilm formation capability of ΔpilV-AH was significantly reduced compared to the wild-type strain. Subsequently, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that ΔpilV-AH exhibited sparser pili, leading to a significantly reduced ability to adhere to the gill tissues of L. longirostris. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that pilV deletion directly affected the expression of genes associated with flagella, TFP, the type II secretion system, and the type VI secretion system. These findings highlight the pivotal role of pilV in A. hydrophila pathogenicity, offering novel insights into its molecular mechanisms and potential targets for preventing and treating A. hydrophila infections in aquaculture.
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Key words
PilV gene,Pathogenicity,Adhesion,Aeromonas hydrophila,Type IV pili (TFP)
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