不同分蘖特性甘蔗品种生产力差异和相关性研究
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology（2023）
广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所
Abstract
为分析不同分蘖力特性甘蔗品种的生产力差异及内在关联,为合理促进甘蔗分蘖及构建合理的群体结构提供参考,选用分蘖强的桂糖29号、分蘖中等的桂糖42号和分蘖弱的桂糖03-2112共3个品种为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组设计,进行2年新植试验,测定不同甘蔗品种的农艺性状、产量和品质,探讨不同分蘖特性甘蔗品种性状及产量形成的因素,并分析它们在产量形成中的相互关系.2年试验结果表明,甘蔗的分蘖力与分蘖率成正比,强、中、弱品种间的分蘖率差异达极显著水平;不同品种间的有效茎数也表现出相似的结果,分蘖力强的桂糖29号的有效茎数比分蘖力弱的桂糖03-2112多20 575条·hm-2,差异达到显著水平;通过甘蔗品质分析发现,分蘖强的桂糖29号和分蘖中等的桂糖42号的蔗糖分显著高于桂糖03-2112,这3个品种的主茎蔗糖分均高于分蘖茎,其中,2019年3个品种的主茎蔗糖分显著高于分蘖茎.相关性分析结果显示,在甘蔗产量形成过程中,分蘖率和出苗率对产量的贡献是独立的;单位面积甘蔗有效茎数与分蘖率呈极显著正相关,但不同分蘖力品种的株高和茎径与分蘖率均呈负相关,但不显著;分蘖率与蔗糖分呈显著正相关.上述结果表明,在甘蔗产量形成过程中,品种的出苗和分蘖率没有内在关联,分蘖力强的甘蔗品种具有高分蘖率,促进分蘖成茎可以获得较多的有效茎数,但分蘖力中等和弱的品种在产量形成中具有明显的株高和茎径优势;可见,不同分蘖力的甘蔗品种可通过协调主苗和分蘖苗情况,综合重要产量性状的生长发育,形成合理的主茎和分蘖茎比例,从而实现甘蔗高产.该研究结果为构建健壮个体和高产群体、发挥甘蔗分蘖的生产力、实现稳产高产栽培提供理论依据.
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Key words
tillering,productivity difference,correlation
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