土壤孔隙结构检测技术研究现状与展望
Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University（2023）
华南农业大学工程学院
Abstract
土壤孔隙是水气运移和生物运动的通道,在调节土壤肥力和生态功能中起着至关重要的作用.土壤孔隙结构的量化研究是认识土壤结构、明晰孔隙结构与宏观功能关系的前提.然而,受土壤自身复杂性的限制,目前土壤孔隙结构检测技术普遍存在精确度低、重复性差和操作复杂等问题.针对获取和量化土壤孔隙结构中的重点和难点,归纳了现有方法的优缺点、潜在误差源及应用场景.现有方法总体可分为两大类:间接法和直接观察法,间接法是利用土壤中水、气、声、热等特性获得孔隙直径、体积或孔固体表面积等信息,主要包括水分特征曲线法、压汞法、气体吸附法、声波法、热脉冲-时域反射法、变压法、回归分析法等;直接观察法可以通过几何可视化来直接观察土壤孔隙空间,并借助图像处理技术,从图像中提取大量的定量形态学和拓扑描述符进行评估,例如切片观察法、扫描电子显微镜技术、计算机断层扫描技术、核磁共振技术等.对表征土壤孔隙结构的定量化方法进行了总结,梳理了近5年常规统计法、地统计学和分形理论在土壤孔隙结构定量化研究上的应用和成果.最后对今后田间原位土壤孔隙结构检测的发展方向进行了展望,尝试为土壤孔隙结构的现场检测装置研发提供理论参考和新思路.
MoreKey words
soil,pore structure,detection technology,quantification,research status,development trend
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