The Nonclassical MHC Class I Qa-1 Expressed in Layer 6 Neurons Regulates Activity-Dependent Plasticity Via Microglial CD94/NKG2 in the Cortex.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences（2022）
Stanford Univ
Abstract
Significance Molecules regulated by neuronal activity are necessary for circuits to adapt to changing inputs. Specific classical major histocompatibility class I (MHCI) molecules play roles in circuit and synaptic plasticity, but the function of most members of this family remains unexplored in brain. Here, we show that a nonclassical MHCI molecule, Qa-1 (H2-T23), is expressed in a subset of excitatory neurons and regulated by visually driven activity in the cerebral cortex. Moreover, CD94/NKG2 heterodimers, cognate receptors for Qa-1, are expressed in microglia. A functional interaction between Qa-1 and CD94/NKG2 is necessary for regulating the magnitude of ocular dominance plasticity during the critical period in the visual cortex, implying an interaction in which activity-dependent changes in neurons may be monitored by microglia.
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Key words
neuronal MHCI,corticothalamic neurons,ocular dominance plasticity,microglial innate immune receptor
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